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《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2022,30(5):595-604
Anthrax is a zoonotic infection caused by the gram-positive, aerobic, spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Depending on the origin of the infection, serious health problems or mortality is possible. The virulence of B. anthracis is reliant on three pathogenic factors, which are secreted upon infection: protective antigen (PA), lethal factor (LF), and edema factor (EF). Systemic illness results from LF and EF entering cells through the formation of a complex with the heptameric form of PA, bound to the membrane of infected cells through its receptor. The currently available anthrax vaccines have multiple drawbacks, and recombinant PA is considered a promising second-generation vaccine candidate. However, the inherent chemical instability of PA through Asn deamidation at multiple sites prevents its use after long-term storage owing to loss of potency. Moreover, there is a distinct possibility of B. anthracis being used as a bioweapon; thus, the developed vaccine should remain efficacious and stable over the long-term. Second-generation anthrax vaccines with appropriate adjuvant formulations for enhanced immunogenicity and safety are desired. In this article, using protein engineering approaches, we have reviewed the stabilization of anthrax vaccine candidates that are currently licensed or under preclinical and clinical trials. We have also proposed a formulation to enhance recombinant PA vaccine potency via adjuvant formulation. 相似文献
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目的:探讨中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio,NLR)对初治前弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large B cell lymphoma,DLBCL)患者预后的意义。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月至2019年10月,新疆医科大学附属肿瘤医院收治的165例初治DLBCL患者,确定了NLR(>2.77)在预后预测中的最佳临界值,采用Log-rank检验和Cox回归模型进行分析,评价治疗前NLR对无进展生存期(progression free survival time,PFS)和总生存期(overall survival rate,OS)的影响。结果:在入选的165例患者中,有67例患者治疗前NLR升高(>2.77),NLR升高与PFS和OS较短的患者明显相关(P<0.001和P=0.003)。多变量分析进一步表明,NLR>2.77是PFS的独立预测因子。结论:治疗前NLR升高提示DLBCL患者预后不良。 相似文献
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《Clinical Lymphoma, Myeloma & Leukemia》2022,22(8):608-617
BackgroundConsiderable progress has been made in therapeutic options for multiple myeloma (MM). Understanding the current landscape of MM treatment options and associated outcomes in the real world is important in providing key insights into clinical and knowledge gaps which could be targeted for further optimization.MethodsThe Canadian Myeloma Research Group Database (CMRG-DB) is a prospectively maintained disease-specific database with >7000 patients. The objective of this study was to describe the trends in the treatment landscape and outcomes including early mortality, time to next treatment, and overall survival (OS) in each line of treatment stratified by autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) receipt among newly-diagnosed MM patients in Canada between 2007 and 2018.ResultsA total of 5154 patients were identified among which 3030 patients (58.8%) received an upfront ASCT and 2124 (41.2%) did not. At diagnosis, the median age was 64 years and 58.6% were males. Bortezomib and lenalidomide were most frequently used (>50%) in first and second-line treatment respectively among both the ASCT and non-ASCT cohort. The median OS was 122.0 months (95% Cl 115.0-135.0 months) and 54.3 months (95% CI 50.8-58.8 months) for the ASCT and non-ASCT cohort respectively with an incremental decrease in OS in each subsequent line of treatment.ConclusionWe present the largest study to date in the Canadian landscape showing the characteristics, therapy usage, and outcomes among MM patients. This information will be critical in benchmarking current outcomes and provide key insight into areas of unmet needs and gaps for improvement of MM patients nationally. 相似文献
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《Taiwanese journal of obstetrics & gynecology》2022,61(6):1082-1085
ObjectiveWe report a low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) with a novel CDKN1A-JAZF1 fusion gene arising from abdominal wall endometrioma.Case reportA 40-year-old woman presented with a 5.5-cm abdominal wall mass juxtaposed to the postoperative scar of two cesarean sections. Histologically, the tumor exhibited obvious tongue-like protrusions into the surrounding tissue, showed spindle cells with multinodular growth pattern that occasionally rotate around small arteries. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for CD10, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), negatively stained for smooth muscle actin (SMA), CD117, CyclinD1. In addition, a previously undescribed gene fusion between CDNK1A 5′ end of exon 1(NM_000389.5) and JAZF1 3′ end of exon 5 (NM_175,061,3) was reported in this case.ConclusionThis report of ESS suggesting that rapidly growing abdominal wall masses without menstruation-related should be promptly evaluated and treated aggressively. In addition, we have expanded the molecular landscape of low-grade ESS. 相似文献